Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology
Article Title: Syntaxin 4 protects islet β-cells from cytokine-induced senescence
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1725252
Figure Lengend Snippet: STX4 protects against cytokine- and DNA damage-induced β-cell senescence. (A–D) Representative immunoblots (left panel) for STX4, phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX), p21 and tubulin (loading control). Right: Quantitation of STX4, γH2AX and p21 relative to tubulin. (A) Small interfering RNA knockdown of STX4 (siSTX4, for 72 h) in MIN6 cells. Control: siCtrl. (B) β-cell–specific adenoviral (AdRIP) overexpression of STX4 for 72 h followed by cytokine cocktail treatment (IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in MIN6. (C) STX4-overexpressing MIN6 cells (AdRIP-STX4) were exposed to bleomycin for 24 h (D) Human non-diabetic islets transduced with β-cell–specific STX4 and treated with a cytokine cocktail (48 h). (B–D) Control vector: AdRIP-Ctrl. Data represent mean ± SEM, each point corresponds to an independent biological replicate (n=4-5) * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.005, **** p <0.0001 using unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-Test.
Article Snippet: Following transduction, islets were treated with a proinflammatory cytokine cocktail consisting of IL1-β (1 ng/mL, R&D System, cat #201-LB/CF, Minneapolis, MN), TNF-α (5 ng/mL, R&D System, cat #210-TA/CF), IFN-γ (40 ng/mL, R&D System, cat #285-IF/CF) for 48 h.
Techniques: Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Control, Quantitation Assay, Small Interfering RNA, Knockdown, Over Expression, Transduction, Plasmid Preparation, Two Tailed Test